The brittleness of ceramic materials and the presence of aggregates are not obstacles for the elastic modulus measurement by Sonelastic^® Systems. It does not apply static loads to perform the characterization of the elastic moduli, only small amplitude impulse excitation and vibration.

Sonelastic^® relies on the Impulse Excitation Technique for accurate and non-destructive characterization of elastic moduli (E, G and Poisson ratio) and damping of materials in accordance with the ASTM E1876, C1259 and C1548 standards. The characterization of both damping and elastic moduli reveals information about the presence and evolution of cracks, micro-cracks and defects in the material, as well as phase transformations.

Applications

Sonelastic^® Systems have a wide range of applications for ceramic and refractory materials:
- Design and monitoring of firing cycle.
- Quality control of post-firing.
- Detection of cracks, micro-cracks and delamination.
- Study of oxidation, corrosion and cooking process.
- Thermal shock damage assessment.
- Finite element modeling refinement.

Sonelastic^® Systems are suitable for testing:

• - Technical ceramics.
  
• - Electronic ceramics.
• - Traditional ceramics (roof tiles, bricks and white wares).
• - Pre-shaped refractories:
• High alumina (electrofused alumina and tabular).
• Alumina (alumina-chromium, alumina-carbon, alumina-spinel, etc.).
• Antacids and Insulators.
• Magnesians (magnesia-carbon, magnesia-chrome and magnesia-spinel).
• Mullite and mullite-zirconia.
• Chemically bound.
• Silico-aluminous.
• - Refractory castables:
  
  • Dry / wet mortars.
  • Self-flow / vibrated.
  • Zero / low cement.
  • Grip ceramic / phosphate.
  • Projection / punch / projection.
  • Insulators.

  Resistance to thermal shock damage is an important feature of refractories because since it determines their performance and lifetime in various applications. The use of more sensitive and non-destructive techniques for the evaluation of damage is highly desirable to facilitate the development and quality control of these materials. It also helps understanding the microstructural changes that occur in the damaged material.

  Monitoring and optimization of firing cycles using the HT1200AC Instrumented Furnace.

  Sonelastic^® Systems application examples

  
  GEMM/DEMa /UFSCar

  Thermal shock damage assessment on refractory materials and optimization of curing and firing cycles.

  
  SAINT-GOBAIN

  Quality control of refractory materials.

  
  DEM/EESC /USP

  Development of porous alumina ceramics.

  
  CECS/UFABC

  Ceramic materials characterization and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) refinement.

  
  IPqM – Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha Brasileira

  Electronic ceramics (PZT) characterization.

  
  INTEMA/CNICET/UNMDP (Argentina)

  Evaluation of thermal shock damage on refractory materials.

  
  CerTec/UNACET/UNESC

  Development and characterization of technical ceramics, ceramic tiles and red ceramics.

  
  DEMAT/UFRGS

  Development and characterization of technical ceramics and refractory materials.

  
  UNAL (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)

  Development and characterization of ceramic materials.

  Publications employing the Sonelastic^® Systems

  P. Faust Gouveia, L.M. Schabbach, J.C.M. Souza, B. Henriques, J.A. Labrincha, F.S. Silva, M.C. Fredel, J. Mesquita-Guimarães. New perspectives for recycling dental zirconia waste resulting from CAD/CAM manufacturing process. Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 152, 20 May 2017, Pages 454-463. ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.117

  Minatto, F. D., Alexandre, E. da S., Noni Jr., A. De, & Montedo, O. R. K.. (2017). Estudo de composições cerâmicas à base de alumina e vitrocerâmico do sistema LZSA para obtenção de estruturas multicamadas por tape casting. Cerâmica, 63(366), 178-186. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132017633662098

  Rafael Salomão, Leandro Fernandes. Porous co-continuous mullite structures obtained from sintered aluminum hydroxide and synthetic amorphous silica. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 37, Issue 8, July 2017, Pages 2849-2856. ISSN 0955-2219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.03.017

  Vanesa Muñoz, Analía G. Tomba Martinez. Factors controlling the mechanical behavior of alumina–magnesia–carbon refractories in air. Ceramics International, Volume 42, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 11150-11160. ISSN 0272-8842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.021

  J. Jiusti, E.H. Kammer, L. Neckel, N.J. Lóh, W. Trindade, A.O. Silva, O.R.K. Montedo, A. De Noni Jr., Ballistic performance of Al2O3 mosaic armors with gap-filling materials. Ceramics International, Volume 43, Issue 2, 1 February 2017, Pages 2697-2704. ISSN 0272-8842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.087

  Salomão, Rafael; Souza, A. D. V.; Cardoso, P. H. L.. A comparison between Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 as inorganic porogenic agents for alumina. Interceram, v. 64, p. 193-199, 2015.

  A.D.V. Souza, L.L. Sousa, L. Fernandes, P.H.L. Cardoso, Rafael Salomão. AlO–Al(OH)-Based castable porous structures. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 35, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1943-1954. ISSN 0955-2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.01.003

  Lucíola L. Sousa, Adriane D.V. Souza, Leandro Fernandes, Vera L. Arantes, Rafael Salomão. Development of densification-resistant castable porous structures from mullite. Ceramics International, Volume 41, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 9443-9454. ISSN 0272-8842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.328

  Rafaela L.P. Santos, Filipe S. Silva, Rubens M. Nascimento, Fabiana V. Motta, Júlio C.M. Souza, Bruno Henriques, On the mechanical properties and microstructure of zirconia-reinforced feldspar-based porcelain. Ceramics International, Volume 42, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 14214-14221. ISSN 0272-8842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.195

  Pereira, A. H. A., Fortes, G. M., Schickle, B., Tonnesen, T., Musolino, B., Maciel, C. D., & Rodrigues, J. A.. Correlation between changes in mechanical strength and damping of a high alumina refractory castable progressively damaged by thermal shock. Cerâmica. 2010, vol.56, n.339, pp.311-314. ISSN 0366-6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0366-69132010000300016

  Pereira, A.H.A.; Nascimento, A. R. C.; Exposito, C. C. D.; Martins, L. T.; Tonnesen, T.; Rodrigues, J. A.. Elastic moduli, damping and modulus of rupture changes in a high alumina refractory castable due to different types of thermal shock. Boletín de la Soc. Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, v. 51, p. 151-156, 2012. eISSN 2173-0431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.222012

  Cabrelon, M. D., Pereira, A. H. A., Medeiros, J., Toledo-Filho, R. D., & Rodrigues, J. A.. Efeito do tempo de exposição a uma atmosfera coqueificante na microestrutura e nas propriedades de um concreto refratário usado na indústria petroquímica. Cerâmica. 2012, vol.58, n.346, pp.195-204. ISSN 0366-6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0366-69132012000200009

  Pereira, A. H. A., Miyaji, D. Y., Cabrelon, M. D., Medeiros, J., & Rodrigues, J. A.. (2014). A study about the contribution of the α-β phase transition of quartz to thermal cycle damage of a refractory used in fluidized catalytic cracking units. Cerâmica, 60(355), 449-456. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0366-69132014000300019

  Salomão, Rafael; Kawamura, M.A.; Souza, A.D.V.; Sakihama, J. Hydratable Alumina-Bonded Suspensions: Evolution of Microstructure and Physical Properties During First Heating. Interceram REFRACTORIES, Refractories Manual 2017, page 025.
  

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